When writing about degrees, the level is possessive and not plural. For example, write bachelor’s degree and master’s degree. This is because when you attain a master’s qualification, you become a master of your subject area. Both are also lowercase.
For example, “She got her master’s degree at a local university.”
If the qualification is abbreviated, then write it like BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PGCE or PhD.
Also, cap down disciplines such as anthropology, physics and mathematics. For example, “she graduated with a master’s degree in medicine.”
To make sure your documents can be read by someone using a screenreader, use Microsoft Word’s accessibility checker.
Accessibility also plays a large part in how we write. Sightsavers prides itself on making all its communications accessible, so they can be used and understood by as many people as possible.
This benefits people with disabilities, but also many other groups: for example, people using mobile devices, people with poor internet connections, or people who prefer to watch videos without sound.
In terms of our writing, it is vital to use clear and concise language, so it is easily understood by everyone. If you are not sure about something you have written, ask yourself if someone who does not work for an NGO would understand the words you are using.
For more guidance on accessibility, see the Sightsavers brand book.
We tend to use the term ‘acronym’ to apply to any initialised word, although technically if it can be pronounced as a word itself it’s an acronym (like FIFA) and if it can’t it’s an initialism (like NTD or BBC). More here if you’re really interested.
The general rule with acronyms/initialisms (we’ll just use ‘acronym’ from here to save time) is: avoid them where possible. But if you must use them, spell the full wording out first, followed by the acronym in brackets. After this, use the acronym. If the term/phrase only occurs a couple of times in your entire document, just write it in full throughout.
These following acronyms are OK to use provided we spell out the words in full on first mention.
Affect is the verb, effect is the noun: ‘NTDs affect many people, but good hygiene has a big effect.’
Effect can also be a verb meaning to bring about a change: ‘The prime minister effected a change in policy.’
Or the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development if written out in full.
Hyphens are only used for modified nouns. In the hyphenated example below, the phrase ‘six year old’ is modifying the noun ‘girl’. If there’s no noun following the phrase ‘six year old’, don’t use hyphens.
For numbers one to nine, use words – from 10, use digits:
Alt text is a simple text description of an image. It is particularly useful for people with visual impairments who use screenreading software: the software reads the alt text aloud so the user can understand the image without being able to see it.
The alt text should give a brief description of the image, in context. No need to write ‘Image of…’ or ‘Picture of…’ – the screenreader will do this automatically. For example:
If the image contains a graph or other numerical data, it’s best practice to include all the data in the alt text. For example:
Don’t use alt text on images that are purely decorative or background items. Instead, use empty quote marks “”, which will instruct the screenreader to ignore the image.
For more information see the RNIB guidance.
‘And’ should always be written out in full – ‘&’ should not be used except in rare exceptions, such as in company names if it’s part of the brand (M&S), or if it’s a necessary design element.
Both are acceptable ways to start a sentence.
Used to indicate a missing letter or letters (can’t, we’d) or a possessive (David’s book).
Use an apostrophe and ‘s’ to show that something belongs to a person or thing, or when you’re using a plural word that doesn’t end in ‘s’, such as ‘people’:
If it’s a name that ends in S, add an extra apostrophe and an extra S so the phrase is written as you’d say it out loud:
If you’re talking about more than one person and the word ends in ‘s’, put the apostrophe after the ‘s’:
When you’re talking about time, single units have the apostrophe before the ‘s’ and multiple units have it after, like this:
Contractions (shortened words like we’ve, we’re, there’s) can give a friendlier, more conversational tone, and should be used in general writing to avoid sounding overly formal. So this sentence:
sounds more chatty and informal than this one:
No apostrophes in dates: 1960s, the 60s.
it’s vs its
It’s is a shortened form of ‘it is’:
Its is the possessive form of ‘it’:
Sightsavers vs Sightsavers’
Because Sightsavers ends in ‘s’, deciding whether you need to use Sightsavers or Sightsavers’ in your sentence can be tricky. To check, try replacing the word Sightsavers with a similar entity that doesn’t end in ‘s’, like Oxfam. In the sentence you’re writing, if you’d say Oxfam’s, then add the apostrophe to Sightsavers. If you wouldn’t, don’t.
Just to complicate matters, there are some instances where either option would be fine.
Our style guide is called The Sightsavers style guide, but could equally be called Sightsavers’ style guide, because it is the official Sightsavers style guide (not needing an apostrophe), but also the style guide belonging to Sightsavers (needing an apostrophe). In general, if either option is correct, leave off the apostrophe.
Try to avoid using this term: it could be seen as patronising or implying an unequal balance of power. Instead, use terms such as ‘programme participants’, ‘people taking part in our projects’, ‘people we work with’ or ‘people in the communities where we work’.
Use single quote marks for TV, radio and book titles, but not for newspaper titles.
(Note that the single quotes should be ‘curly’ typographer’s quotes, not straight quotes.)
Can normally be taken out, as it can create confusion. For example: ‘Sightsavers trained both doctors and nurses’ can be read as implying there are two doctors, or that doctors were trained as well as nurses, so it’s confusing. If it makes sense without it, take it out.
When you use brackets as part of a longer sentence, the full stop (or any other punctuation) goes on the outside (like this). When the whole sentence is within the brackets, the full stop should be on the inside.
(This is an example of when the punctuation should go inside the brackets.)
Our overall house style for UK and global content, including on all our English websites (UK/Global, US and Ireland), is to use British English. The exception is organisation names, which should be written as they’re styled by the organisation themselves (for example the World Health Organization, The Carter Center).
In international publications in English-speaking countries (excluding online), content should be written in a recognised variety of Standard English (SE). This usually means the version of English that is accepted by academic and publishing convention in that country. For publications or websites using a language other than English (French, Italian, Swedish), we are reliant on translators to meet similar editorial standards, so we have less control over the finished products/content.
British English should be the default option for all global content, but if you’re unsure, go with whatever will be least jarring for your audience. For example, if you’re writing a document for an event in New York where the audience will be an international mix but American English would make more sense to the majority than British English, go with American English.
Use bullet points if the items in your list are of equal importance or don’t need to be in sequence. Use a numbered list if you’re referring to a series of steps.
As a general rule, for all bullet points and numbered lists use a capital letter and no full stop.
But use your discretion – if a particular format requires it (for reasons of design, accessibility or country/partner standards) full stops can be used. Above all, keep it consistent.
Bullet points should be kept short if possible. If your bullet points or list items are very long, consider whether they’d be better written as paragraphs, or using subheadings.
This jargon term should be avoided wherever possible: it’s pretty meaningless to anyone who doesn’t work in international development. Instead, try to use a variation of the following:
Capital letters can look overly formal and old-fashioned, so only use them when there’s a reason to. They can also come across as shouty. Don’t use caps (or italics, or underlining, or, heaven forbid, all three) for emphasis. If emphasis is needed, bold text can be used: We think all children should be able to attend school.
Headlines and headings should be written in sentence case:
But if there’s a name or title in the heading, it’s fine to keep the caps on it, like this:
Do capitalise:
Don’t capitalise:
So it’s the World Health Organization, Senegal’s Ministry of Health, Sustainable Development Goals, the Equal World campaign, the Official Secrets Act, but the UK government, ministries of health, river blindness, non-governmental organisations, mass drug administration.
Pharmaceutical product names, such as Mectizan® and Zithromax®, should always be capped up, but the generic name, such as ivermectin and azithromycin, should be capped down.
Caps and geography
Cap up the first letter of an official name of a region: North India, West Africa.
Keep it lower case if you’re referring to a general area: southern Malawi, the south of India.
See ‘Credits and captions’
Should I write cataract or cataracts?
The condition is called ‘cataract’, but this often sounds jarring in a sentence – to a reader unfamiliar with our work, “He was diagnosed with cataract and referred for surgery” would sound like it was missing an ‘s’. In general, go with the most easily readable option.
Here’s the official line, from Imran Khan, Sightsavers’ chief global technical lead: “A cataract refers to a clouding of the lens in one eye, so if someone has cloudy lenses in both eyes, we can say that the patient has cataracts (plural). If it is only in one eye, then we can say that the patient has a cataract in one eye. So it is a condition and also a thing.
“Technically, a person can have different types of cataracts in one eye (depending on anatomical location of the opacification in the lens and/or cause), but it is common convention to still refer to the patient having a cataract in one eye (singular).”
How long does a cataract operation take?
Cataract surgery times can vary between hospitals, and depending on any complications. Child cataract surgery usually requires general anaesthetic and an overnight stay in hospital; the surgical skill needed is higher, as is the cost of equipment and consumables. Adult surgery can be much quicker and require less recuperation time.
Sandeep Buttan, Sightsavers’ global technical lead on eye health in Asia, has advised that:
A colon introduces a list, an explanation or a definition.
Semicolons can be used in two instances. In lists, use them if they provide more clarity than commas.
Or use them to join two related but independent clauses:
Don’t overuse commas – if you’re unsure, read your sentence out loud. Wherever you’d pause for breath is usually where you’d put a comma. If you have a sentence with comma overload, consider breaking it into two sentences instead.
The serial comma or Oxford comma is a comma that comes before the final conjunction (usually and/or) in a list. In this example it’s optional and not really necessary as the sentence would read perfectly well without it:
Serial commas are usually unnecessary and should be avoided, unless the sentence will be confusing without it. In the following example it helps give clarity:
Without it, ‘advocacy and quality and learning’ would be lumped together instead of two separate areas, ‘advocacy’ and ‘quality and learning’.
A comma splice is a very common style error – it’s when a comma is used incorrectly to separate two clauses in a sentence. You can fix it by either changing the punctuation to a semicolon/colon/dash (as appropriate), changing the comma to a full stop or adding a conjunction (and/but/so). Here are some examples:
Best avoided, because it can sound overly complicated and doesn’t mean much to people outside international development. Instead use ‘Community volunteer…’ or ‘local volunteer who distributes medication’.
The name of Sightsavers’ employment and training programme in Uganda that ran between 2012-2016.
The order in which each element should appear is as follows:
Name and address
Phone number
Email
Website
Sightsavers
35 Perrymount Road
Haywards Heath
RH16 3BW
United Kingdom
01444 446600
info@sightsavers.org
www.sightsavers.org
Phone numbers should be formatted with spaces in one of the following ways:
Sightsavers’ physical address in Haywards Heath should only be used where it is a legal requirement. In all other situations, the Bumpers Way postal address should be used.
Côte d’Ivoire Note the circumflex over the o.
Democratic Republic of Congo Abbreviated to DRC. Not to be confused with Republic of Congo.
The Gambia With cap T. In alphabetical lists, file under G.
Guinea Not to be confused with Guinea-Bissau.
Guinea-Bissau With hyphen. Not to be confused with Guinea.
Republic of Congo Not to be confused with Democratic Republic of Congo.
South Sudan Include full name within page: Republic of South Sudan. Not to be confused with Sudan.
sub-Saharan Note lower case S (not Sub-Saharan).
Sudan Include full name within page: Republic of the Sudan. Not to be confused with South Sudan.
Make sure you are mindful and are using the correct names for places. Many African and Asian countries and cities have changed names away from Anglicised or colonial names or spellings – for example Tombouctou in Mali, Kolkata and Bengaluru in India, Eswatini instead of Swaziland. Check Google if you are unsure.
Write all in capitals with a hyphen. COVID-19 (coronavirus) can also be used if needed. For hashtags on social media, camel case should be used for accessibility best practice (for example, #Covid19Disability).
Photo credits, when used, should always appear with a copyright symbol and no spaces. No full stops are needed after the credit.
On the WordPress sites, photo credits don’t automatically display, but if we have an agreement with a photographer to credit them wherever their images are used, add the photo credit at the end of the photo caption, like this:
Photo captions should be used where they add useful information to an image and explain how the image relates to the content it’s illustrating.
See also: Alt text
Can usually be taken out. For example, say ‘He has cataracts’ rather than ‘He currently has cataracts.’
Disabled people’s organisations – we now refer to these as OPDs: organisations of people with disabilities (or organisations of persons with disabilities, where ‘persons’ is required for a specific audience).
You should use a hyphen when not doing so would make the meaning unclear or confusing. Hyphens should be used to form compound adjectives but only when they are followed by a noun. For example: ‘life-changing operation’ but ‘the operation was life changing’. Other examples include a Sightsavers-funded project; sight-saving surgery; a low-cost operation. The exception is ‘low and middle income countries’ – we don’t hyphenate this as it can get confusing (see low and middle income countries).
There are three different types of dash:
Use a hyphen with no spaces to join words together: French-speaking, Sightsavers-supported.
En-dashes can be used to break up a sentence or replace brackets or other punctuation. They should have a space either side.
Em-dashes shouldn’t be used. They’re used in American English, but not in British English (our standard language at Sightsavers).
Hanging or suspended hyphens can be used if needed for clarity, for example:
Data, like agenda, takes a singular verb (we don’t use ‘datum’ or ‘agendum’).
Dates
Write dates in the order day/date/month/year, like this:
No commas, no ordinals (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
Time
10am (not 10.00am) but 10.30am. No space between the time and am or pm (also, never a.m. or p.m.).
Time should be expressed using figures and then am or pm:
Keep to one decimal point: £1.2 million,not £1.24 million.
Do not use. DFID has now merged with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to become the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, so we should no longer be using DFID in any communications.
Avoid if possible. There’s a lot of debate about using terms that lump countries together based on their economic, social or environmental status. If possible, avoid using catch-all terms and be specific about what you mean. Sightsavers’ preferred terminology is based on country income levels: ‘low income countries’, ‘low and middle income countries’, ‘low and lower middle income countries’ (no hyphens) depending on what is most appropriate for your audience. Don’t use ‘developing world’ or ‘third world’. See also: Global south
See our disability and inclusion language guide for full information on how we write about blindness, visual impairment, disability and inclusion.
It is important we differentiate between impairment and disability. Impairment is the injury/illness/condition that causes a loss or difference of function to an individual, whereas disability refers to the limitation or loss of opportunities to participate equally in society because of social and environmental barriers.
Language to use
People with sensory impairments
People with physical impairments
People with cognitive impairments
People with intellectual impairments/disabilities
People with behavioural impairments
People with neurological impairments
People with developmental disabilities
People with mental health conditions
When mental health conditions – in interaction with barriers in society – become disabling, it is referred to as psychosocial disability.
Language to avoid
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of 17 diseases – see the list below showing where to cap up or down:
The five NTDs that Sightsavers works on are intestinal worms, lymphatic filariasis, river blindness, schistosomiasis and trachoma. For more see neglected tropical diseases.
Other diseases and eye conditions
Cap up:
Cap down:
Avoid – use ‘distribution’ or ‘giving out’ instead.
If a specific term or approach is not covered by this style guide, refer to www.diversitystyleguide.com.
Not Down’s syndrome, and no capital on syndrome.
Avoid using (unless specifically referring to MDA – mass drug administration): use ‘treatment’ or ‘medication’ instead where possible.
Lower case, no hyphens. (For example: ‘Download our easy read document’)
Avoid these. Screenreaders may read them as words (for example ‘egg’) and many people are not familiar with their meanings, so they can make sentences misleading or confusing. Try rewriting your sentence to avoid them, or use an alternative: ‘for example’, ‘like’, ‘including’, ‘and so on’.
With hyphen: note the spelling.
An Islamic holiday that marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan.
Do not use this term – use ‘older people’ instead.
If used to finish a sentence, or when speech is trailing off, the dot-dot-dot should directly follow the final word with no gaps and no further punctuation:
To signify that part of a quote has been cut out, leave a space after the dots like this:
In our NTD programmes we’re aiming to eliminate, not eradicate, disease. Read more on the small but vital differences between elimination, eradication and control.
If referring to the campaign by name, we should capitalise. Otherwise lower case. The logo should always be sentence case.
F Scott Fitzgerald said that using an exclamation mark is like laughing at your own joke. People don’t talk with exclamation marks, so they should be used sparingly: only for quotes or sentences that really need them, otherwise they lose their impact. Never use multiple exclamation marks: like this!!! (same goes for question marks – no multiples).
Use single quote marks for TV, radio and book titles, but not for newspaper titles.
(Note that the single quotes should be ‘curly’ typographer’s quotes, not straight quotes.)
Default currencies for each of the Sightsavers country sites are as follows:
For any currencies other than these, use the three-figure ISO code (this can be found on any currency conversion website). Any figures in currencies other than the default currency should be followed by a conversion to the default currency in brackets. For example: “The Bangladeshi government has set aside a total of BDT828 million (£7.9 million) to spend on national eye care.”
But use common sense – there is no need to put £500,000 in brackets after the phrase “I feel like a million dollars.”
When the whole word is used it is lower case: euro, pound, dollar, etc. Abbreviate dollars like this: $50 (US dollars); A$50 (Australian dollars); HK$50 (Hong Kong dollars).
This has replaced the Department for International Development (DFID).
Or the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, David Lammy (with commas).
Full stops are used in callout/standfirst text (the block of intro text that follows a headline but comes before the main body copy), image captions and alt text, but not in headlines (unless deliberately used for effect) or after photo credit information.
Full stops are not needed in abbreviations such as Ms, Dr, and pm, or in initials. So we’d write the NHS, not the N.H.S, and JRR Tolkien, not J.R.R. Tolkien.
Avoid this term: rewrite where possible.
It’s often used by global development organisations, but may not be understood by the general public so should be avoided in public-facing content.
There’s also a lot of debate about using terms that lump countries together based on their economic, social or environmental status. Try avoid using catch-all terms and be specific about what you mean. Sightsavers’ preferred terminology is based on country income levels: ‘low income countries’, ‘low and middle income countries’, ‘low and lower middle income countries’ (no hyphens) depending on what is most appropriate for your audience. Don’t use ‘developing world’ or ‘third world’. See also: developing countries
Avoid using if possible as it has multiple meanings and can be perceived as negative. Use alternatives such as ‘remote’ or ‘inaccessible’ for places geographically hard to reach, or explain what you mean (for example marginalised, excluded or overlooked).
Try and keep them as short as possible: only include relevant information from the story, and use the active voice. If possible, headlines shouldn’t run over more than two lines.
Capped up as it’s an annual event title, but caps not required for UN high-level meetings in general.
One word
The wording for links should be descriptive and give an indication of what the link is about. See the Links and downloads section in our WordPress guidelines for detailed guidance.
To ‘impact’ something means to forcibly come into contact with it. People aren’t often physically ‘hit’ by things – they are affected by them.
Avoid using ‘impact’ as a verb, in phrases such as:
‘Read about the lives of people impacted by NTDs’ (it’s jargony, inaccessible and overly formal).
Instead, use ‘affect/affects’: (the lives of people affected by NTDs)
Avoid using italics wherever possible – they can be hard to read.
On formal academic papers, it’s OK to use italics in bibliographies and references, as this style follows agreed global standards.
It’s is a shortened form of ‘it is’:
Its is the possessive form of ‘it’:
Job titles and descriptions should all be lower case: teacher, ophthalmologist, surgeon, editor. For example, Jo Jones is head of global events and major giving communications; Dr Caroline Harper is Sightsavers’ chief executive; the chair of Sightsavers’ global board is Sir Clive Jones.
The only exception is high-ranking official titles, which are capped up when they precede the person’s name, ie ‘Prime Minister Keir Starmer’. These should be capped down when used as a description: ‘the UK prime minister, Keir Starmer’.
Note: In programme country communications, exceptions may be made if lower case risks implying a lack of appropriate respect or deference. This should be decided on a case-by-case basis, depending on the intended audience.
Abbreviate as ‘km’, with no space between the figures and the unit of measurement: 25km, 1,000km.
On first mention, then the King. If it’s necessary, His Majesty King Charles III or HM King Charles III.
In reference to the promise of Agenda 2030. Note single quote marks (as it’s a report phrase rather than reported speech), no hyphen on ‘no one’ and no capitals.
Either is fine.
Licence is the noun, license is the verb.
Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted via mosquito bite and can be prevented with medication.
People living in at risk-areas are usually first infected during childhood. If untreated, it can lead to advanced LF which can result in an altered lymphatic system and the abnormal enlargement of body parts. This is painful and leads to permanent physical changes – a condition called lymphoedema – and is highly stigmatised. In men, the disease can cause a condition called hydrocele, a form of lymphoedema that causes intense swelling of the scrotum.
Although people infected with advanced LF cannot be cured, symptoms can be eased through care practices. For men with hydrocele, their symptoms can be eased through surgery. But only hydrocele can be operated on, so avoid saying ‘LF surgery’.
Do not describe the symptoms as ‘disfigurements’ or ‘deformities’ or any other stigmatising terms.
If discussing people who have not participated in an MDA campaign please say either ‘participation’, ‘non-participation’ or ‘opportunity to participate’. Do not say ‘MDA adherence’ or ‘MDA compliance’.
Mectizan® (always capital ‘M’ and registered trademark) is the brand name of the medication that combats onchocerciasis (river blindness).
The generic name for the drug is ivermectin (small ‘i’, no trademark). Either may be used but Sightsavers generally refers to Mectizan® as this is the name on the bottles of donated tablets, which are distributed by the Mectizan® Donation Programme.
In the USA Merck & Co., Inc. is the company name, but outside the USA it is MSD (Merck Sharpe & Dohme). The company should never be called Merck Group or just Merck.
Zithromax® is the brand name (always capital ‘Z’ and registered trademark) of the medication that combats trachoma. Its generic name is azithromycin (small ‘a’, no trademark). Either may be used but Sightsavers generally refers to Zithromax® as this is the name on the bottles of donated tablets, which are managed and distributed by the International Trachoma Initiative (or ITI).
The official name of Pfizer is Pfizer, Inc. and this name should be used for the first mention; for further mentions use just Pfizer.
In case studies, use first names only unless there is a reason to include surnames. Children featuring in case studies should only have their first names used, and be careful to avoid identifying information beyond name and age (see Sightsavers’ safeguarding policy for more information).
When quoting people in news stories, if a full name is required, use this on the first mention and the surname alone on subsequent mentions.
Always lower case (not Neglected Tropical Diseases unless it’s part of an organisation’s name). The neglected tropical diseases Buruli ulcer and Chagas disease (named for a place and person respectively) should have the B and C capped up. The names of other NTDs should always be lower case, except at the beginning of a sentence.
NTDs are a diverse group of 17 communicable diseases found in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries. Sightsavers works to control and eliminate five of them:
Intestinal worms (soil-transmitted helminths, or STH)
Lymphatic filariasis (LF)
River blindness (onchocerciasis)
For the full list of NTDs, see Diseases and eye conditions.
Should be written as is: no italics or single quotes.
(Note that we use single quote marks for TV, radio and book titles, but not for newspaper titles, ie: Sightsavers ambassador Sunetra Sarker has starred in ‘Casualty’ and ‘No Angels’.)
Not ‘no-one’, including when talking about the commitment of the Sustainable Development Goals to ‘leave no one behind’.
Write out numbers up to and including nine; use digits for numbers 10 and above.
Follow the same number format for ordinal numbers. For example, “She came third in the race” and “They took 11th place in the competition”.
Except…
Figures for all numbers are fine for tables, graphics, infographics, headings, blog diary entries and page references. They can also be used for social media if needed.
Spell out million and billion:
For infographics, it’s OK to use a shortened version (for example 24m).
In numbers greater than 999, put a comma between every three numbers, like this:
Decimals should be kept to one decimal point. See Decimals.
It’s fine to round numbers up or down where needed, as long as we’re not overstating or understating in a misleading way. For example, if you wanted to round the number of cataract surgeries we achieved in a given period and the true number was 31,753, you could write either ‘31,000 surgeries’, ‘more than 31,000 surgeries’ or ‘nearly 32,000 surgeries’. Don’t round up to a number we haven’t achieved when talking about Sightsavers’ work.
Organisations of people with disabilities (OPDs). Choose whether to use ‘people’ or ‘persons’ depending on the specific audience: for general public comms ‘people’ will make more sense and for UN/World Bank/WHO audiences ‘persons’ may be the preferred option.
Use river blindness (onchocerciasis). See also Neglected tropical diseases.
Don’t describe people as ‘old’ or ‘elderly’.
S, not Z, unless it’s part of an official title, like the World Health Organization.
Organisations should be referred to as singular: ‘it’, not ‘they’.
Paraphrasing is acceptable, particularly where speech has been translated into English and there may be room for interpretation. If you make changes, it’s a good idea to get the participant or Sightsavers’ programme staff in the relevant country to approve your updated version to make sure you’re not misrepresenting the person whose speech you’ve amended. Where possible, try to stick as closely as possible to what the person says. Minor edits can be made to a quote so it reads better, but only if this doesn’t change the meaning of what the person says.
Don’t try to write down a person’s accent or quote pidgin English; it’s jarring, can sound patronising and will make your reader cringe. It’s fine to do some minor rewriting for sense, as long as you’re not changing the meaning of what someone is saying. Ideally stick as closely to their words as possible.
So this quote:
Would be better like this, and the meaning would stay the same:
Use all capitals in body copy, for example: ‘You can download a PDF below’. Use lower case within links, for example: ‘2017 annual report (pdf)’.
We work with (not through) partner organisations; Sightsavers doesn’t carry out the work directly. Make sure this is clear in your writing, by wording sentences like this:
People with disabilities
This is Sightsavers’ preferred term. Avoid ‘persons with disabilities’ – it’s often used by organisations including the United Nations, but it can sound odd to a general audience.
The exception is if it’s a title or a quote, which should remain as written, ie the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
See also ‘Persons with disabilities’
Write out in words in body copy if the term is used sporadically. If it occurs repeatedly, it’s acceptable to use the % symbol.
Use % symbol in tables, heads and social media.
To comply with Sightsavers’ ethical content and safeguarding policies, when writing about our programme participants, we will never include any more than two of the following pieces of information in the same story:
This does not apply to staff, partners or health workers, but does apply to teachers who are linked to children in materials.
As standard we avoid using a person’s full name or precise location at all (regardless of whether they are used together) in any external materials, including reports, unless there is a very compelling reason to do so, and it is agreed there is no risk to the person concerned.
Persons with disabilities
Avoid this phrase: it’s often used by organisations such as the UN, but it sounds odd to anyone not involved in international development. Instead use ‘people with disabilities’.
The exception is if it’s in a title or a quote, which should remain as written, ie the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
See also ‘People with disabilities’.
Should be written ©Sightsavers/Photographer’s name, with no space either side of the forward slash. For example: ©Sightsavers/Malumbo Simwaka
Avoid. Use tablet/medication/treatment instead.
Practice is the noun, practise is the verb.
In British English, programme is the preferred spelling. Program is only used to refer to computing contexts.
The name of the schools programme run by Sightsavers in Ireland.
Always write in full on first use, after this ‘the Trust’ is fine.
Quotes should be introduced with a colon:
For direct speech, use double quotation marks. Use inverted commas/single quotation marks for speech within speech.
Single quote marks should be used for paraphrased speech, when referring to a widely-used phrase like ‘leave no one behind’ or when reporting answers from surveys (for example: 26 people answered ‘some difficulty’ or ‘a lot of difficulty’ to the question about daily functioning).
When using a quote that forms a full sentence, the punctuation goes inside the quote marks: “I am looking forward to the surgery. I cannot wait to see my family again,” Asma said.
When using a partial quote that does not form a full sentence on its own, the punctuation goes on the outside of the quote marks: Asma said she “cannot wait to see her family again”.
When you need to substantially edit a quote and remove large portions of text, you can either use ellipses to indicate that words are omitted:
Or you can use square brackets to insert words if they’re necessary to give context or help the sentence make sense.
If neither of these is suitable, don’t use a quote – use indirect speech instead to describe what the person is saying:
If you’re using a quote or statistic from a website it’s fine to link to the relevant page without needing a full academic reference (unless you’re writing in a research context, in which case full references should be used if appropriate). For example:
If you’re using a full reference, use footnotes within the text and give the full reference at the end of the document, using the formats below.
Journal articles
Author’s surname, Initials (year of publication). Title of the paper, the accepted abbreviated name of the journal, the volume of the journal: the page numbers of the paper.
Books
Author’s surname, Initials (year). Title. Edition (only include this if not the first edition). Place of publication (town or city): Publisher.
Websites
Authorship or source (year). ‘Title of web document or webpage’. [type of medium] (date of update if available) Available at: include website address/URL [Accessed date].
Lower case.
In Islam, sadaqah is voluntary charity given to please Allah. Sadaqah is Arabic for charity or benevolence.
Lower case.
In Islam, sadaqah jariyah is the act of giving long-lasting charity, giving or kindness that continues to benefit others even after the death of the benefactor.
Make sure that all content meets the requirements of Sightsavers’ safeguarding policy (see section 6 on communications). This includes making sure photo consent has been given, not publishing too much identifying information, and making sure content and images aren’t used in a misleading way.
Try and avoid using seasons in copy, as this can vary depending on the hemisphere. Put the month, or if unsure, ‘early/late in the year’.
Sightsavers should be referred to as singular: ‘it’, not ‘they’. The exception is when we’re talking about ourselves as an organisation, when it’s fine to use ‘we’ as well as ‘Sightsavers’. Using ‘we’ is more suited to less formal content, such as blogs and fundraising copy, and it may be more appropriate to use ‘Sightsavers’ in more formal writing.
These examples are all acceptable:
But these are not:
Sightsavers vs Sightsavers’
Because Sightsavers ends in ‘s’, deciding whether you need to use Sightsavers or Sightsavers’ in your sentence can be tricky. To check, try replacing the word Sightsavers with a similar entity that doesn’t end in ‘s’, like Oxfam. In the sentence you’re writing, if you’d say Oxfam’s, then add the apostrophe to Sightsavers. If you wouldn’t, don’t.
Just to complicate matters, there are some instances where either option would be fine. In general, if either option is correct, leave off the apostrophe.
When referring to someone as a ‘sight-saver’, always use a hyphen (to avoid confusion with Sightsavers)
(Not ‘sightsaving’) if you’re talking about an operation that saves sight.
Can be used if there’s a strong reason the term is required, but where possible use an alternative like ‘informal urban settlements’.
Use only one space between sentences in a paragraph, not two.
Try to make sure that spacing is consistent throughout your page. Images, especially those with captions, shouldn’t be pushed up too closely against headings or body text.
Not Sub-Saharan. See also Countries
The coastal region in India (not Sunderbans; note the two As) .
Avoid using ‘surgeries’ or ‘a surgery’ – use ‘operations’ or ‘an operation’ instead. Think about how you’d speak in general conversation – you probably wouldn’t say you were going into hospital for ‘a surgery’.
So we can say:
Upper case
Capital T, hyphenated.
Trachoma starts off as a bacterial infection that can be easily treated with medication. If left untreated, over time it causes scarring to the eyelid that pulls the eyelashes inward, causing them to scrape against the eye. This advanced form is called trichiasis (see trachoma trichiasis) and can lead to irreversible blindness.
Please be aware of the difference when writing your copy: people with trachoma can be treated with medication before it becomes advanced. Make sure to clarify that if untreated, it risks causing blindness or requiring surgery. Refer to the surgery as ‘advanced trachoma surgery’, ‘trichiasis surgery’ or ‘TT surgery’. Avoid the term ‘blinding trachoma’ as it is only blinding at the late stage when people develop TT.
Both are fine to use. In public-facing comms text, best to use the simplified ‘advanced trachoma (known as trichiasis)’ or a variation. Where possible avoid framing TT surgeries as ‘sight-saving’ or ‘sight-restoring’ as this is generally inaccurate – TT surgery can stop the pain, but any visual impairment caused is permanent.
But UK Aid Match
Words with the prefix ‘under-’ are usually one word: underdeveloped, underage, undersigned.
A very overused word, and usually not needed.
Avoid describing people as vulnerable, as it can suggest a lack of agency and feed into negative stereotypes. Be careful where you use the word, particularly in relation to disability.
Always leave off the http:// and begin URLs with www. Our web addresses should always be written lower case, like this:
never www.Sightsavers.org or https://www.sightsavers.org
Hyperlink anchor text on the website should be descriptive. Try to include the name of the site or page you’re linking to, rather than just ‘Click here’. For example:
Try to avoid: ‘For more information, click here to visit the End Trachoma website.’
Lower case, as in ‘leave a gift in your will’, not ‘leave a gift in your Will’.
With a ‘z’. On second mention, use ‘WHO’ as this is clearer when read by screenreaders. Although it can be read as the word ‘who’, the organisation is most commonly referred to as an initialism, ‘W-H-O’, with each letter being pronounced separately (like the BBC), so when abbreviated it should be written as ‘WHO’.
Avoid: always use Christmas.
Lower case, with hyphen.
Write 2017, not ‘the year 2017’. For a span of years use a hyphen: 2016-17, not 2016/17. Write decades as, for example, 1950s. If you need to abbreviate, use figures but no apostrophe: roaring 20s, swinging 60s, a woman in her 70s, the first day of the 00s.
Lower case.
Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam – the sacred beliefs and practices that Muslims follow. Zakat is Arabic for ‘giving to charity’.
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